An Online Response to a Kevin Quick Defender, Thumim1@msn.com
Unless otherwise stated, all scriptures are from the American Standard Version:
In your response to Kevin Quick ministries' attack of the NWT, you discuss John 1:1. You use examples of other translations as valid reason for the NWT's rendering of this passage, where in other instances you point to some of those same translations as erroneous when they translate other passages differently from the NWT. Instead, why not stick to the issue at hand: "Is the NWT an accurate translation of the original text?"
Reply: Yes! "If you belong to a small group of serious students of the Bible who are trying to appreciate to learn the Hebrew or Greek languages, then you will appreciate the value of a 'crib' or 'gloss' translation, especially an interlinear one, or a relatively word-for-word one like the NASB, KJ2, *NWT*, YOUNG, DARBY, RV, DOUAY, Concordant." p. 67, Bible Translations and How to Choose Between Them by Alan S. Duthie [emphasis his]
"for detailed word-studies and similar interests in the original languages. we suggest either a very literal version like NAS, *NWT*, LTB-KJ2; or preferably an interlinear version [*Kingdom {Interlinear Translation*}, Marshall]. p. 225, How to Choose Your Bible Wisely, Duthie
The appendix of the WBTS Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures (KIT) points to the rule that the definate article is used with the greek word for God when it refers to The Father (Jehovah) and the definate article is not present when referring to The Son (Jesus)as is the case in the original greek text of John 1:1. That assumed rule does not stand up when examining other scriptures where the definate article is or is not present. The opposite of the rule applies. Consider these scriptures where the article is not present and the text refers to The Father (Jehovah). Matt. 5:9, 6:24, 12:28, 15:4, 19:26, 27:43, Acts 27:46, 3:18, 5:27 & 39, 14:15, Rom 1:7,21 & 30, 2:17, 3:18, 1Cor 1:24 & 30, 2:5&7, 3:7,9 & 23, 4:1, 6:19, 7:7 & 19, 10:20, 14:2, 15:34...
Reply: You are ignoring the unique construction of John 1:1. The word for "god" in Greek is QEOS. In John 1:1 the last occurrence of QEOS is called "a predicate noun" or, "a predicate nominative". Such a noun tells us something about the subject, instead of telling what the subject is doing. This use of QEOS has reference to the subject, the Word, and does not have the article preceding it; it is anarthrous. This indicates that
it is not definite. That is to say, it does not tell what position or office or rank the subject (the Word) occupies. The verb HN "was" follows the predicate noun QEOS; this is another factor in identifying QEOS here as qualitative. This discloses the quality or character of the Word.  What have other Grammarians said about this same type of construction?

There is no basis for regarding the predicate theos as definite...In John 1:1 I think that the qualitative force of the predicate [noun] is so prominent that the noun cannot be regarded as definite.—Philip Harner, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 92:1, 1973, pp. 85, 7.

We must, then take Theos, without the article, in the indefinite ["qualitative" would have been a better word choice] sense of a divine nature or a divine being, as distinguished from the definite absolute God [the Father], ho Theos, the authotheos [selfgod] of Origen. Thus the Theos of John [1:1c] answers to "the image of God'' of Paul, Col. 1:15.—G. Lucke, "Dissertation on the
Logos", quoted by John Wilson in, Unitarian Principles Confirmed by Trinitarian Testimonies, p.
428.

There is a distinction in the Greek here between 'with God' and 'God'. In the first instance the article is used and this makes the reference specific. In the second instance there in no article and it is difficult to believe that the omission is not significant. In effect it gives an adjectival quality to the second use of Theos so the phrase means 'The Word was divine'.—The Translator's New
Testament, p. 451.

We reach a more difficult issue in the Gospel of John. Here, in the Prologue, the Word is said to be God, but, as often observed, in contrast with the clause, 'the Word was with God', the definite article is not used (in the final clause.) For this reason it is generally translated 'and the Word was divine' (Moffatt) or is not regarded as God in the Absolute sense of the name...In a second passage in the Prologue (I 18) the textual evidence attests 'only-begotten God' more strongly than 'only begotten Son', but the latter is preferred by many commentators as being more in harmony with Johannine usage and with the succeeding clause, 'who is in the bosom of the Father'. In
neither passage is Jesus unequivocally called God, while again and again in the Gospel He is
named 'the Son of God.—Vincent Taylor, The Expository Times, January 1962. p. 117.

As mentioned in the Note on 1c, the Prologue's "The Word was God" offers a difficulty because
there is no article before theos. Does this imply that "god" means less when predicated of the
Word than it does when used as a name for the Father? Once again the reader must divest himself
of a post-Nicene understanding of the vocabulary involved.—Raymond E. Brown, The Anchor
Bible, p. 25.

The late Dr. William Temple in His Readings in St. John's Gospel (1939), 4, obviously accepts
Moffatt's translation, for he says, 'The term "God" is fully substantival [shows identity, who, or
what, 'the God', the Father, is] in the first clause  pros ton then ["with the God", both "the" (ton)
and "God" (Theon) being spelled accusative case endings] it is predicative and not far from
being adjectival in the second - kai theos en ho logos ["and (a) god was the Word"]—R.H.
Strachan, The Fourth Gospel (3rd ed., 1941).
For more on John 1:1c, click here.

Consider also John 20:28 where Thomas calls Jesus :My Lord and My God". The definate article IS present in this scripture in which there is no questioning the fact that Thomas is speaking directly to and about Jesus. Note that this very same sentance structure is present at Matt 4:10 when speaking of The Father, Jehovah.
Reply: Actually it is not the same structure at all. Matt 4:10 has KURION TON QEON  whereas John 20:28 has O KURIOS MOU KAI O QEOS MOU. The former is never used of Jesus.
If Thomas was actually calling Jesus hO QEOS and hO KURIOS--it is strange that Thomas used the nominative forms of KURIOS and QEOS instead of the vocative. So it still seems that Theodore of Mopsuestia could have been correct. The Father may well be the referent in John 20:28.
This brings us to Smart's Rule as discussed on B-Greek. The rule is stated as: "In native [not translation] KOINE Greek when the copulative KAI connects two substantives of personal description in regimen [i.e. both or neither have articles] and the first substantive alone is modified by the personal pronoun in the genitive or repeated for perspicuity [Winer 147-148;155] two persons or groups of persons are in view."

Possessive pronoun repeated for perspicuity (21) - (Mt 12:47,49; Mk 3:31 ,32 ,33 ,34 ; 6:4  7:10 ; 8:20, 21  Lu 8:21 ; Jn 2:12; 4:12; Ac 2:17; Ro 16:21 ; 1Th 3:11 ; 2Th 2:16 ; 1Ti 1:1; 2Ti 1:5;  Heb 8:11; Re 6:11) [Heb 1:7 is a LXX quote and is therefore  translation Greek.]

Single possessive - both substantives anarthrous (10) - (Mk 3:35; Ro 1:7; 1Co 1:3; 2Co 1:2; Ga 1:3; Ep 1:2; Php 1:2; 2Th 1:1,2; Phil 1:3)

Single possessive pronoun - both substantives arthrous (12)  - (Mk 6:21; 10:7,19; 16:7; Lk 2:23; 14:26; 18:20; Jn 11:5; Eph 6:2; Ac 7:14; 10:24; Re 11:18)

 "Thomas answered and said unto Him, My Lord and my God." He saw and touched the man, and acknowledged the God whom he neither saw nor touched; but by the means of what he saw and touched, he now put far away from him every doubt, and believed the other." Augustine in"Tractate CXXI"

Does Jn 20:28 say what trinitarians think it says? No. There is nothing there that talks of Jesus as being God the Son, the second person of a consubstantial Trinity.

"For any Jew or Greek in the first century A.D. who was acquainted with the OT in Greek, the term QEOS would have seemed rich in content since it signified the Deity, the Creator of heaven and earth, and also could render the ineffable sacred name, Yahweh, the covenantal God, and yet was able of exremely diverse application, ranging from the images of pagan deities to the One true God of Israel, from heroic people to angelic beings. Whether one examines the Jewish or the Gentile use of the term QEOS up to the end of the 1st century A.D., there is an occasional application of the term to human beings who perform divine functions or display divine characteristics." Harris' Jesus as God, p.270
Don Cupitt describes the relationship between God and Jesus as "something like that between King and ambassador, employer and omnicompetent secretary, or Sultan and Grand Vizier. Christ's is God's right hand man; all God does he does through Christ, and all approach to God is through Christ. All traffic, both ways, between God and the world is routed through Christ." The Debate about Christ, p. 30 The LOGOS is God's agent, not God himself.
The letter I got from the WBTS in response to my question stated ".. the older manuscripts and translations are more reliable in determining where the word "Jehovah" should be placed in the Greek Scriptures." However, the translators of the NWT render 1Pet 3:16 (Jehovah) as the more "recent 16th -19th century translations..." do. (footnote and explanation of the symbols used on pg 13 of KIT)
Reply: I think you mean 1Peter 3:15. The name Jehovah is in neither vss 15 or 16 in the NWT.
This is a textual problem, not a translational one. The later Greek texts, like the Textus Receptus have " But sanctify the Lord God in your hearts" (KJV), while the ASV has "but sanctify in your hearts Christ as Lord." The variant readings here depend on which textual tradition you are
following. Hutter's Hebrew version simply conflated two different readings and combined them into one...a situation that followed for later Hebrew versions. There is nothing sinister here on the NWT's part. It is our misfortune that early scribes played with the title "Lord", so much so that a comparison of most any versions of the Bible will have a different amount
of occurences of this title.
"Within the Byzantine tradition, the later witnesses are inclined to change
things in favor of giving more titles to Christ, not fewer; in favor of
using more liturgical phrases and explanatory asides, not fewer." Carson,
King James Version Debate, p. 63
George Howard has done extensive study on the Divine Name in the New Testament and has this to say:
"The removal of the Tetragrammaton from the New Testament and its replacement with the surrogates KYRIOS and THEOS blurred the original distinction between the Lord God and the Lord Christ, and in many passages made it impossible which one was meant. ..Once the Tetragrammaton was removed and replaced by the surrogate 'Lord', scribes were unsure whether "lord" meant God or Christ. As time went on, these two figures were brought into even closer unity until it was often impossible to distinguish between them. Thus it may be that the removal of the Tetragrammaton contributed significantly to the later Christological and Trinitarian debates which plagued the church of the early Christian centuries." George Howard, The Name of God in the New Testament, BAR 4.1 (March 1978), 15
I can never understand why people like you are so raging mad at the inclusion of the name Jehovah in the NT, but aren't bothered the removal of it in the OT in most translations. My Greek lexicons admit that YHWH is an equivalent of kyrios. This is why many Bibles use the Divine Name in the NT, see http://hector3000.future.easyspace.com/jhvh.htm and http://hector3000.future.easyspace.com/yhwh.htm
It is just that kyrios and the hebrew equivalent (adon) are used of people also. Any lexicon can clear this up for you. Lexicons will also tell you that Jehovah is an equivalent of the Greek KYRIOS. "kurios is the Sept. and NT representative of the Heb. Jehovah." Vine's Expository Dictionary of Biblical Words. See also Thayer
The WBTS sent me a photo copy of Jn 14:14 which includes the word "me" in the greek text but the translators of the NWT chose to leave it out. Jesus says here; "If you ask (me) anything in my name, I will do it." The footnote in the NWT cites other transltions that exclude it. The writer of the letter that the WBTS wrote back to me refers to three modern translations that exclude it, and gives this as partial reason the NWT excludes it. The writer then goes on to cite Jn 15:16 and 16:23&24 as other places where these three translations leave out the word "me" when Jesus was speaking, but in these scriptures the NWT translators didn't choose to do the same. They discount the more modern translations when what they say is in conflict with the WBTS but refer to them positively when they are in agreement.
Reply: Modern versions do the same thing as the NWT. See the New English Bible, Revised Standard Version, Living Bible, Unvarnished NT, Modern Language Bible, Contemporary English Version, Lattimore, New King James, Jerusalem Bible, New Jewish Version, Revised English Bible, and the marginal notes of many others. According to P. Comfort's Early Manuscripts and Modern Translation of the New Testament, the word ME has been added to the newer versions on the strength of ONE manuscript, P66.
The word "ME" is also omitted from ancient manuscripts like A, D, K, L, Codex Petropolitanus, Codex Athous Laurae and the Byzantine manuscripts amongst others. Bruce Metzger in his Textual Commentary of the Greek NT says it is a contradiction. Why is this? Because the book of John clearly says that this phrase is a referent to the Father (John 15:16; 16:23).
Remember, according to trinitarian theology, Jesus is NOT the Father.
The NIV Ryrie Study says of the phrase "in my name" used in John 14, "This is not a formula to be tacked on at the end of prayers, but means praying for the same things Christ would desire to see accomplished. It is like using a power of attorney that a very dear loved one has given you."
This of course leads to another question...why can't you people agree on anything?
"That evangelicals, all claiming a biblical norm, are reaching contradictory theological
formulations on many of the major issues they are addressing suggests the problematic nature of their present understanding of theological interpretation. To argue that the Bible is authoritative,
but to be unable to come to anything like agreement on what it says (even with those who share
an evangelical commitment) is self-defeating. " EXEGETICAL FALLACIES by D. A. Carson
p.18
And Jn 10:38
"...The Father is in "union" with me and I am in "union" with the Father."
Jesus and Jehovah are more than just "in union" with one another. They are "in" one another and "in" His people as the scriptures plainly state.
1Cor 3:16 says: "...the spirit of God "dwells in" you..."
Rom 8:11 says: "If, now, the spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead "dwells in" you, he that raised up Christ Jesus from the dead will also make your mortal bodies alive through his spirit that "resides in" you."
These are quotes from the NWT.
In your answer to the question considered here, you state that the NWT uses the word "union which is an improvement SINCE JESUS IS NOT PHYSICALLY IN US." In reality, the NWT translators use the word "union" because it conforms to YOUR DOCTRINE that Jesus is not physically IN us. Instead of translating the scriptures so that they conform to doctrine shouldn't it be the other way around?
Reply: Again, "in union" is an acceptable rendering of this greek word. That is why Williams NT, The New English Bible, Revised English Bible and the Good News Bible also use this. Why? Are these translations using "in union" to conform to their doctrine?
Let us look at John 14:20 where the Lord Jesus stated: "At that day ye shall know that I am IN my father, and ye IN me, and I IN you." Really, now, are we physically IN each other? Is the in-ness literal? If so, isn't the end result a polyinity. The rational approach by the above translators is that the in-ness here relates to unity of purpose not the unity of several persons composing one God.
The spirit is different, as the Bible gives it liquidity.
"Many words associated with God's spirit give it the attributes of a liquid, which by definition cannot refer to a person. This liquid language is consistent with the spirit being His presence and power. We are baptized (literally 'dipped') with and in it like water (Matt. 3:11; Acts 1:5). We are all made to 'drink' from the same spirit, as from a well or a fountain (1Cor. 12:13). It is written in our hearts like ink (2 Cor 3:3). We are 'anointed' with it, like oil (Acts 10:38; 2 Cor 1:30; 1 John 2:27). We are 'sealed' with it as with melted wax (Eph. 1:14). It is 'poured out' on us (Acts 10:45; Rom. 5:5). It is 'measured' as if it had volume (2 Kings 2:9; John 3:34-KJV). We are to be filled with it (Acts 2:4; Eph. 5:18). This 'filling' is to capacity at the new birth and to overflowing as we act according to its influence." One God & One Lord by Graeser/Lynn/Schoenheit, p.598
Fortman says, "The Jews never regarded the spirit as a person; nor is there any solid
evidence that any Old Testament writer held this view....The Holy Spirit is usually
presented in the Synoptics and in Acts as a divine force or power." The Triune God,
pp. 6, 15
Last of all but the most important thing considered in your response to Kevin Quick was your discussion of Requirments for salvation. If one never understands anything else about The Bible, THIS is essential. You refer to Jn 17:3 as requirement. It reads this way in the NWT;
"This means everlasting life, their taking in knowledge of you, the only true God, and of the one whom you sent forth, Jesus Christ."
The greek words that the NWT renders "taking in knowledge" has to have a deeper meaning. Remember that the demons have "taken in knowledge" of God and even believe in Him but that does not qualify them for salvation.(Jas. 2:19)
The rendering of John 17:3 in this way leads the innocent reader to believe that learning, gaining information or intellectualizing about Christ will give him salvation.
Reply: Again, the word used in Jn 17:3 is GINWSKWSIN, of which Vine's says, "To take in knowledge."
This word is NOT used in Jas 2:19. Jas 2:19 tells us that believing is not good enough, as the demons also believe. So, obviously more than simply believing is needed, and this is where knowledge comes in.
Your citing of Rom 10:9&10 most definately does apply to salvation. The scripture says; "For if you publicly declare that word in your own mouth, that Jesus is Lord, and exercise faith in your heart that God raised him up from the dead, you will be saved. For with the heart one exercises faith for righteousness, but with the mouth one makes public declaration for salvation."
Here the NWT reads "with the heart one exercises faith". The greek word for word transliteration reads "and you should believe in the heart." This is what brings salvation. It is with the HEART that one "is being believed into righteousness".(greek transliteration vs 10). The NWT leads one to believe that salvation is gained by taking knowledge into the MIND, that it is mere intelletual assent. Instead it is in the heart that one must know Jesus, and believe that he died in our place, taking our sin into his own body "in order that we might be done with sins and live to righteousness. And by his stripe you were healed."(1Pet 2:24)NWT. Of course one must make a mouth confession of that faith as Rom. 10:10 goes on to say, but after that one step, one HAS met the ONLY requirement for salvation. HE IS SAVED according to Jn 5:24 which reads; "Most truly I say to you, He that hears my word and believes him that sent me HAS everlasting life, and he DOES NOT COME INT JUDGMENT BUT HAS PASSED OVER FROM DEATH TO LIFE." PERIOD
Reply: You are starting from a wrong assumption, and then leading off from there. Bultmann's Theology of the New Testament states on p. 67, "...to accept the Christian faith is called 'to know God' or 'the truth.'
'To know God' DE GNONTES QEON MALLON DE GNWSQENTES UPO QEOU is used for conversion to the Christian faith by Paul (Gal. 4:9) and also, e.g., by I Clem. 59:3; II Clem. 17:1 (cf. 3:1) Herm. Sim. IX 18, 1f. The compounds EPIGNWSIS (full knowledge) and EPIGINWSKEI/EPIGNWSOMAI (fully know) are especially popular in this meaning; in such cases the object may be God (as in Herm. Sim. IX 18, 1 and elsewhere), but more frequently the truth is ALHQEIA. To become a Christian means "to come to the knowledge of the truth" EIS EPIGNWSIN ALHQEIAS ELQEIN (1Tim. 2:4) or "to receive the knowledge of the truth" LABEIN THN EPIGNWSIN THS ALHQEIAS (Heb 10:26) or to "know the truth" EPIGNWSXEIN THN ALHQEIAN.  With this meaning EPIGNWSXEIN or its noun occurs at Col. 1:6; Tit. 1:1; II Pet. 1:3, 2:20f.; II Clem. 3:1; Kerygama Petri 3; Herm. Sim. IX 18, 1. According to 1 Clem. 59:2, God called the Church "from ignorance to the full knowledge of the glory of his name"…That corresponds to the use of the language in Hellenistic Judaism; cf. THWB I 706, 22ff.
'Truth' ALHQEIA in this context is right doctrine, right belief, in contrast to 'ignorance'…and 'error'…, so that Paul can characterize his apostolic activity as a 'manifestation of the truth' FANERWSEI THS ALHQEIAS (II Cor. 4:2) which is substantially synonymous with saying that God through him spreads 'the fragrance of the knowledge of Him' OSMHN THS GNWSEWS AUTOU (II Cor. 2:14). Christian faith is called 'obedience to the truth' (I Pet. 1:22; cf. Gal 5:7). The gospel itself can be called the 'word of truth' LOGW THS ALHQEIAS (II Cor. 6:7; Col 1:5; Eph. 1:3 and often). This, too, corresponds to Hellenistic-Jewish language; cf. ThWB 244, 32ff."
 In his “Word Pictures” on Colossians, Robertson states:
“Col.1:9: Epignosisis a Koine word (Polybius, Plutarch, etc.) for additional (epi) or full knowledge.” See also Col.2:2.” .... “1Tim2:4: (To the knowledge) (eis epignosin). "The full knowledge" as in Col 1:6; Eph 4:13 (ten times in Paul). See2Ti 3:7 for the whole phrase "full knowledge of the truth" (aletheia 14 times in the Pastorals). Paul is
anxious as in Colossians and Ephesians that the Gnostics may not lead the people astray. They need the full intellectual apprehension of Christianity.”
The Bible is a book of knowledge, and so is our God.
1SAM 2:3
For Jehovah is a God of knowledge
Ps 14:4
 Have all the workers of iniquity no knowledge, Who eat up my people as they eat bread, And call not upon Jehovah?
Prov 1:7
The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of knowledge; But the foolish despise wisdom and instruction.
Prov 1:29
 For that they hated knowledge, And did not choose the fear of Jehovah
Prov 2:5
Then shalt thou understand the fear of Jehovah, And find the knowledge of God
Prov 9:10
The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom; And the knowledge of the Holy One is understanding
Prov 22:12
The eyes of Jehovah preserve him that hath knowledge; But he overthroweth the words of the treacherous man
Is 11:2
And the Spirit of Jehovah shall rest upon him, the spirit of wisdom and understanding, the spirit of counsel and might, the spirit of knowledge and of the fear of Jehovah
Is 11:9
 for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of Jehovah
Is 33:6
 And there shall be stability in thy times, abundance of salvation, wisdom, and knowledge: the fear of Jehovah is thy treasure
Hos 4:1
Hear the word of Jehovah, ye children of Israel; for Jehovah hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land, because there is no truth, nor goodness, nor knowledge of God in the land.
Hb 2:14
 For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge of the glory of Jehovah, as the waters cover the sea.
Luke 1:76, 77
 And thou, child, shalt be called the prophet of the Highest: for thou shalt go before the face of the Lord to prepare his ways;
To give knowledge of salvation unto his people by the remission of their sins,
Romans 10:2
 For I bear them record that they have a zeal of God, but not according to knowledge.
Romans 11:33
O the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God!
1Cor 15:34
 Awake to soberness righteously, and sin not; for some have no knowledge of God: I speak this to move you to shame.
Eph 4:13
 till we all attain unto the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God
Phil 1:9
 And this I pray, that your love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and all discernment;
Phil 3:8
 Yea verily, and I count all things to be loss for the excellency of the knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord
Col 1:9
 that ye may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all spiritual wisdom and understanding
1Tim 2:3, 4
This is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Saviour; who would have all men to be saved, and come to the knowledge of the truth.
Titus 1:1
 Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, according to the faith of God's elect, and the knowledge of the truth which is according to godliness
2Peter 1:2
Grace to you and peace be multiplied in the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord
2Peter 3:18
grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ
It is evident that the Bible shows that knowledge is more than something that is in the heart. Even Romans 10 bears this out. "If on your lips is the confession that 'Jesus is Lord', and in your heart the faith that God raised him from the dead, then you will find salvation. For the faith that leads to righteousness is in the heart, and the confession that leads to salvation is on the lips….For everyone, as it says again-'everyone who invokes the name of the Lord will be saved'. How could they invoke one in whom they had no faith? And how could they have faith in one they had never heard of? And how hear without someone to spread the news?And how could anyone spread the news without a commission to do so?" New English Bible
So we see from the context that MORE than just believing is actually necessary. We must work so that others believe also. This is what they did in the 1st century. Christians were often greeted as "fellow workers." (See Rom 16:3, 9, 21; 1Cor 3:9; 2Cor 8:3; Phil 2:25; 4:3; Col 4:11; Plmn 1:1, 24; 3Jn 1:8)
There seems to be a notion rampant that knowledge, since it is often associated with the Gnostics, must be shunned. The next direction seems to imply that only faith is needed for salvation. But to do this rips a scripture (like the one used at Rom. 10) right from the cotext and context of the entire Bible as a whole. Sure, there is false knowledge (1 Tim 6:20), but that does not put all knowledge in a bad light. There are False Christ's (Mt 24:24), but that does not mean we should shun Christ because of it. It is true that "with the heart man believeth", but with the MIND we should receive the word with all readiness of the mind, examining the Scriptures daily, whether these things are so (Acts 17:11; Mt 22:37).
"Many people believe wishful thinking is exactly what faith is all about. These thinkers, commonly as fideists, argue that a rational and scientific worldview has to be decisively rejected before a person can properly appraoch religion. For the biblical Christian, however, this would be a devastating mistake. The biblical Christian believes that once we abandon reason in matters of faith, we have lost any value that faith has given us. This is because once reason is abandoned, there is no basis for thinking that anything is actually true. Things may be true in a religious sense, but this is different from being true in a real sense." Dennis McCallum, "Christianity-The Faith that Makes Sense
By thinking this way, church-goers have left themselves open to all kinds of confusion. Since it was necessary for the Trinity spin-doctor Tertullian to view Jesus as God the Son, and God cannot die, then we have to accept the ridiculoous on faith alone.
"The Son of God died; it is absolutely to be believed because it is absurd. And he was buried and rose again; the fact is certain because it is impossible." Tertullian as quoted in The Western Heritage of Faith and Reason, p 448
This same books goes on to say,
"We want no curious disposition after possessing Christ Jesus, no inquisition after enjoying the Gospel. With our faith, we desire no further belief."
What has been the result of this?
"58% of Americans believe that the Bible is totally accurate, 32% of the
"born again" Christian reject the infallibility of the Bible. 20% of Americans identify themselves as New Age practitioners, 53% believe in ESP, 24% have practiced Transcendental Meditation, 34% believe in a New Age form of God, 36% read their horoscopes regularly and 26% believe that astrology is scientifically accurate (a recent Life Magazine poll indicated 48% believe that astrology is probably or definitely valid). Belief in reincarnation grew from 25% in 1992 to an astonishing 30% in 1996. Especially troubling is of the "born again" population: 28% believe that
Jesus sinned and didn't rise from the dead, 47% say Satan is not living being-only a symbol for evil, and 43% deny the Person of the Holy Spirit calling Him a symbol of Gods power! As you read the above incredible statistics remember that 84% of those
polled identified themselves as "Christians." Because of the high level of consciousness toward religion or spirituality, with a low level of true knowledge or understanding, our population continues to drift toward the abyss. The old Biblical paradigm teaches that if you have the right teaching you will experience God correctly, redemptively. The new paradigm is that if you "experience" God, then you have the "right" teaching." Anti-JW author Robert M. Bowman
http://www.apologeticsresctr.org/siren_song.htm

Do you see what happens when knowledge is put on the backshelf in favor of simply believing.
Such a notion, as we have seen from the scriptures above is anti-Bible and anti-God.
A true Christian would put on the full armor of God. If you read Ephesians 6 you will see that salvation originates with your head and mind, that is why we have the "Helmet of Salvation." Eph 6:17; cf 1 Thess 5:7, Is 59:17

You said, "The NWT leads one to believe that salvation is gained by taking knowledge into the MIND, that it is mere intelletual assent, Instead it is in the heart that one must know Jesus..."

It is not one translation, but the Bible that leads us to believe that the heart runs parallel to the knowledge of the mind. We have all heard of Wise King Solomon, but God gave him wisdom by means of his heart. “behold, I have done according to thy word: lo, I have given thee a wise and an understanding heart” 1Kings 3:12
Much of the Wisdom literature has been attributed to and authored by him. So we will now focus on one the inspired Wisdom books, Proverbs. What does Proverbs say about the heart?

Prov 2:10, “For wisdom shall enter into thy heart, And knowledge shall be pleasant unto thy soul”
14:33, “Wisdom resteth in the heart of him that hath understanding”
15:14, “The heart of him that hath understanding seeketh knowledge”
15:7, “The lips of the wise disperse knowledge; But the heart of the foolish doeth not so.”
16:21, “The wise in heart shall be called prudent; And the sweetness of the lips increaseth learning.”
22:17, “Incline thine ear, and hear the words of the wise, And apply thy heart unto my knowledge.”
Here the New American Standard Bible does not use the word “heart.” Instead it uses the word “mind.” Cf 18:15
Can they do that?
Vine’s says of the word HEART, “The word ‘heart’ could be regarded as the seat of knowledge and wisdom and as a synonym of ‘mind.’”
Even in the NT is this possible, where Vine’s points out that heart there can also mean “understanding” and “reasoning powers.”
The Greek word KARDIA, translated heart, often has a different shade in English.  Our English
use of the word "heart" is more emotive, while the Greek use is more intellectual.  "I believe with all my heart that. . ." is more emotional in English than the correspoinding phrase in Greek would suggest. Literally, the Greek might be saying something like "I believe with my deepest
intellect."
Another example of this is Col 3:12, "SPLAGXNA OIKTIRMOU" literally translates as "bowels of compassion" or "bowels of mercy."  In Philemon 20 we read ANAPAUSON MOU TA SPLAGXNA, "refresh my bowels (or refresh of me the bowels)."  Yet this is translated as "refresh my heart." HCSB
Beyond this there is nothing else one can DO (works) to qualify for salvation. (Eph 2:8&9)
First of all
1. We are all sinners because we are descendants of Adam and Eve (Romans 5:12). We fall short of God's glory(Romans 3:23). The wrath of God is upon us (John 3:36). And we are in a spiritually dead state (Ephesians 2:5).
2. We need to understand that we can be saved from all of that. Not in the future but RIGHT NOW. (1John 5:13) Look very closely at John 5:24 & 1Cor 1:18. All of this is in the PRESENT tense.
3. How can we be saved? Romans chapter 5 shows that Jesus' sacrifice bought us back from the death state that Adam's sin sold us into. Please read the whole chapter. Now that's all well and good but we must DO ONE THING. We can reject that sacrifice and stay in the state of death or we can accept it and be saved from the affect of sin. Look again at John 5:24. It reads "Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that HEARETH my word, and BELIEVETH on him that sent me, HATH everlasting life." We need to believe in our HEARTS that Jesus died for us, was buried, and rose on the third day and that this is the ONLY thing that saves us. Then we need to let God know through sincere prayer to Him that we accept that free gift and want to be saved. Luke 18:13
May God bless you. Keep on "testing whether you are in the faith.", 2Cor 13:5 , and making "sure of all things"
but be careful to "hold fast to what is fine." 1Thess 5:21.
Reply: Why, pray tell, would I keep on testing whether I am in the faith, if simply believing is good enough? Why are you even writing to me, since I too believe in/on Jesus Christ? Because, simply believing is not good enough. This is the message that I am getting from you. It is not believing that saves me, as long as I believe as you do. So, there are qualifications to believing. I too believe this.
Mark 1:5 says, "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe in the gospel."
So believing in Christ means believing in the good news that he spread.
Mark 16:16, "He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved" So baptism seems to be a necessary step for believing.
Luke 8:13, "And those on the rock are they who, when they have heard, receive the word with joy; and these have no root, who for a while believe, and in time of temptation fall away."
So, you have to keep believing.
John 3:36, "He that believeth on the Son hath eternal life; but he that obeyeth not the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God abideth on him."
So believing runs parallel to obeying the Son.
John 5:37-38, "And the Father that sent me, he hath borne witness of me. Ye have neither heard his voice at any time, nor seen his form.  And ye have not his word abiding in you: for whom he sent, him ye believe not."
Now we must believe in the Father.
John 10:25-27, "Jesus answered them, I told you, and ye believe not: the works that I do in my Father's name, these bear witness of me. But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep. My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me"
Jesus' followers will follow him.
1Peter 2:21, "For hereunto were ye called: because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, that ye should follow his steps."
To be a Christian, we must follow Christ's example. Where did Jesus place importance in his life.
Matt 4:23, "  And Jesus went about in all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom"
Matt 10:7, "And as ye go, preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at hand."
Matt 11:1, "And it came to pass when Jesus had finished commanding his twelve disciples, he departed thence to teach and preach in their cities."
Mk 1:14, "Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God"
(See also Mk 1:38, 39; 3:14; 16:20; Lk 4:18; 43 etc etc etc.
Mt 20:28 states, "the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many."
The preaching work was of the upmost importance in Jesus' life. And he passed this commission on to us.
Mk 16:15, "And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to the whole creation."
Mt 28:19, 20, "Go ye therefore, and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them into the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit: teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I commanded you: and lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of the world."
True Christians would share in the preaching work. We are even told to imitate Paul in this regard (1Cor 4:16).
We are even told to evangelize, "I charge thee in the sight of God, and of Christ Jesus, who shall judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom: preach the word; be urgent in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with all longsuffering and teaching. For the time will come when they will not endure the sound doctrine; but, having itching ears, will heap to themselves teachers after their own lusts; and will turn away their ears from the truth, and turn aside unto fables. But be thou sober in all things, suffer hardship, do the work of an evangelist, fulfil thy ministry." 2 Tim 4:1-5
This is starting to sound like works, does it not? "Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith." Jas 2:24
Yes, faith, accompanied by works is what eventually saves us. The Bible has always promoted works:
Matt 5:16.  Even so let your light shine before men; that they may see your good works, and glorify your Father who is in heaven.
Matt 11: 2.  Now when John heard in the prison the works of the Christ, he sent by his disciples
Acts 5:38.  And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone: for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will be overthrown:
Acts 9:36.  Now there was at Joppa a certain disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works and almsdeeds which she did.
Acts 13: 2.  And as they ministered to the Lord, and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them.
Acts 26: 20.  but declared both to them of Damascus first and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the country of Judaea, and also to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, doing works worthy of repentance.
Rom 2: 5.  but after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up for thyself wrath in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God; who will render to every man according to his works:
1 Cor 3: 9.  For we are God's fellow-workers:
1 Corinthians 9:1.  Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen Jesus our Lord? Are not ye my work in the Lord?
1 Cor 15: 58.  Wherefore, my beloved brethren, be ye stedfast, unmovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your labor is not vain in the Lord.
1Cor 16:10.  Now if Timothy come, see that he be with you without fear; for he worketh the work of the Lord, as I also do:
2Cor 9:8 And God is able to make all grace abound unto you; that ye, having always all sufficiency in everything, may abound unto every good work:
2Cor 12:12.  Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all patience, by signs and wonders and mighty works.
Gal 2:16.  yet knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but through faith in Jesus Christ, even we believed on Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ, and not by the works of the law: because by the works of the law shall no flesh be justified.
Gal 6:4.  But let each man prove his own work, and then shall he have his glorying in regard of himself alone, and not of his neighbor.
Gal 6: 10.  So then, as we have opportunity, let us work that which is good toward all men, and especially toward them that are of the household of the faith.
Eph 2: 10.  For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God afore prepared that we should walk in them.
Eph 4:11.  And he gave some to be apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers;  for the perfecting of the saints, unto the work of ministering, unto the building up of the body of Christ:
Eph 5:11.  and have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather even reprove them;
Phil 2: 12.  So then, my beloved, even as ye have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling;
Phil 2: 25.  But I counted it necessary to send to you Epaphroditus, my brother and fellow-worker and fellow-soldier, and your messenger and minister to my need;
Col 1:10 to walk worthily of the Lord unto all pleasing, bearing fruit in every good work, and increasing in the knowledge of God;
Col 3:23  whatsoever ye do, work heartily, as unto the Lord, and not unto men;
1Thess 1:3 remembering without ceasing your work of faith and labor of love and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ, before our God and Father;
2 Thess 1: 11.  To which end we also pray always for you, that our God may count you worthy of your calling, and fulfil every desire of goodness and every work of faith, with power; that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified in you, and ye in him, according to the grace of our God and the Lord Jesus Christ.
2 Thess 2:16, 17  Now our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God our Father who loved us and gave us eternal comfort and good hope through grace, comfort your hearts and establish them in every good work and word.
1 tim 2: 9.  In like manner, that women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefastness and sobriety; not with braided hair, and gold or pearls or costly raiment;
but (which becometh women professing godliness) through good works.
1 Tim 5:25.  In like manner also there are good works that are evident; and such as are otherwise cannot be hid.
1 Tim 6: 18.  that they do good, that they be rich in good works, that they be ready to distribute, willing to communicate;
 19.  laying up in store for themselves a good foundation against the time to come, that they may lay hold on the life which is life indeed.
2 Tim 3: 17.  That the man of God may be complete, furnished completely unto every good work.
2 Tim 4:5.  But be thou sober in all things, suffer hardship, do the work of an evangelist, fulfil thy ministry.
Titus 2: 6,7  the younger men likewise exhort to be sober-minded: in all things showing thyself an ensample of good works; in thy doctrine showing uncorruptness, gravity,
Titus 2:13, 14  looking for the blessed hope and appearing of the glory of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ; who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a people for his own possession, zealous of good works.
Titus 3:8.  Faithful is the saying, and concerning these things I desire that thou affirm confidently, to the end that they who have believed God may be careful to maintain good works. These things are good and profitable unto men:
Titus 3: 14.  And let our people also learn to maintain good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful.
Heb 10:24.  and let us consider one another to provoke unto love and good works;
Jas 2: 14.  What doth it profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but have not works? can that faith save him?
Jas 2:17.  Even so faith, if it have not works, is dead in itself.
Jas 2:18.  Yea, a man will say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from thy works, and I by my works will show thee my faith.
Jas 2: 20.  But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith apart from works is barren?
Jas 2: 24.  Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith.
Jas 2:26  26.  For as the body apart from the spirit is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.
3 John 1: 5.  Beloved, thou doest a faithful work in whatsoever thou doest toward them that are brethren and strangers withal
Right now you are thinking about Ephesians chapter 2 where it seems to condemn works. But this should be taken in light of what else Paul wrote. Rom . 3:20 states, "No one will be declared righteous in his sight by observing the law." NIV
Yes, it was the works of the Mosaic Law that is downplayed in the Bible, not the works mentioned above. "For him [Paul] 'works' are 'works of the law' (Gal.3.3,5) and are opposed to faith." The Oxford Annotated Study Bible/RSV, p.1467
"So the kingdom of heaven will be taken away from you and given to a people who will do things to merit it." Matt 21:43 21st Century NT
"And in this consists the Life of the Ages - in knowing [an ever enlarging knowledge of] Thee the only true God and Jesus Christ whom Thou hast sent." John 17:3 Weymouth NT


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